TextInputNode

A single-line text input with cursor, selection, and keyboard handling.

Basic Usage

csharp

var input = new TextInputNode()
    .WithPlaceholder("Enter text...");

// Handle submission
input.Submitted.Subscribe(text => Console.WriteLine($"Submitted: {text}"));

Features

Blinking cursor
Text selection (Shift+Arrow keys)
Word-by-word navigation (Ctrl+Arrow)
Password masking
Max length validation
Placeholder text

Keyboard Shortcuts

Key	Action
`←/→`	Move cursor
`Ctrl+←/→`	Move by word
`Shift+←/→`	Select text
`Home/End`	Jump to start/end
`Backspace`	Delete before cursor
`Ctrl+Backspace`	Delete word before
`Delete`	Delete after cursor
`Ctrl+A`	Select all
`↑/↓`	Navigate history (when enabled via `WithHistory()`)
`Enter`	Submit (auto-records to history when enabled)
`Escape`	Clear text

Input History

TextInputNode has built-in, opt-in input history. When enabled, Up/Down arrow keys navigate through previous submissions, and Enter auto-records non-empty text.

csharp

var input = new TextInputNode()
    .WithPlaceholder("Enter command...")
    .WithHistory();          // Unlimited history

var input2 = new TextInputNode()
    .WithPlaceholder("Enter command...")
    .WithHistory(maxEntries: 50);  // Keep last 50 entries

History is off by default — existing behavior is unchanged unless you call WithHistory().

Programmatic History

Use AddHistory() for submissions that bypass the normal Enter flow:

csharp

// E.g., custom prompts from a SelectionListNode's "Other" option
input.AddHistory(customPrompt);

History Keyboard Shortcuts

Key	Action
`↑`	Recall previous entry (saves current input on first press)
`↓`	Recall next entry (restores saved input when past the end)

Password Mode

csharp

new TextInputNode()
    .AsPassword()        // Use default mask '•'

new TextInputNode()
    .AsPassword('*')     // Use custom mask character

Styling

csharp

new TextInputNode()
    .WithForeground(Color.White)
    .WithBackground(Color.Blue)
    .WithPlaceholder("Type here...")

Colors

Property	Default	Description
`Foreground`	terminal default	Text color
`Background`	terminal default	Background color
`PlaceholderColor`	`BrightBlack`	Placeholder text color
`CursorColor`	`White`	Cursor background color
`SelectionColor`	`Blue`	Selection background color

Handling Input

TextInputNode is a layout node that should be owned by the Page. There are two patterns for input handling:

When TextInputNode is inside a Modal, Focus automatically routes input:

csharp

public class MyPage : ReactivePage<MyViewModel>
{
    private TextInputNode _textInput = null!;
    private ModalNode _modal = null!;

    protected override void OnBound()
    {
        _textInput = new TextInputNode().WithPlaceholder("Enter command...");
        _modal = Layouts.Modal().WithContent(_textInput);

        _textInput.Submitted
            .Subscribe(text => ViewModel.OnTextSubmitted(text))
            .DisposeWith(Subscriptions);

        // When showing modal, Focus handles input routing automatically
        ViewModel.IsShowingModalChanged
            .Where(show => show)
            .Subscribe(_ => Focus.PushFocus(_modal))
            .DisposeWith(Subscriptions);
    }
}

Pattern 2: Always-Visible Input

For always-visible text inputs, route input via ViewModel.Input:

csharp

public class MyPage : ReactivePage<MyViewModel>
{
    private TextInputNode _promptInput = null!;

    protected override void OnBound()
    {
        _promptInput = new TextInputNode().WithPlaceholder("Enter command...");

        // Route input from ViewModel to the text input
        ViewModel.Input.OfType<KeyPressed>()
            .Subscribe(key => _promptInput.HandleInput(key.KeyInfo))
            .DisposeWith(Subscriptions);

        // Handle submission
        _promptInput.Submitted
            .Subscribe(text => {
                ViewModel.OnTextSubmitted(text);
                _promptInput.Clear();
            })
            .DisposeWith(Subscriptions);
    }
}

Paste Handling

TextInputNode implements IPasteReceiver and automatically handles bracketed paste mode. When the user pastes text from the clipboard, Termina detects the terminal's paste escape sequences and delivers the content as a single PasteEvent rather than individual key presses.

How It Works

The user pastes text (Ctrl+V or right-click paste)
The terminal wraps the content in ESC[200~...ESC[201~ markers
Termina detects the markers and emits a PasteEvent
TextInputNode shows a summary: [Pasted 500 lines, 12345 chars]
On Enter, the full paste content (with newlines preserved) is submitted
On any editing action (typing, backspace, delete, escape), the paste is cleared

This prevents multi-line pastes from triggering individual submissions for each line — a common issue in terminal applications.

csharp

// Paste handling is automatic — no additional setup needed
var input = new TextInputNode()
    .WithPlaceholder("Paste or type here...");

// Submitted receives the full paste content when Enter is pressed
input.Submitted.Subscribe(text =>
{
    // 'text' contains the full paste with newlines preserved
    Console.WriteLine($"Received {text.Length} chars");
});

Paste in ViewModels

If you need to handle paste events at the ViewModel level (e.g., when no TextInputNode has focus):

csharp

Input.OfType<PasteEvent>()
    .Subscribe(paste =>
    {
        // paste.Content contains the full pasted text
        ProcessPastedContent(paste.Content);
    })
    .DisposeWith(Subscriptions);

Observables

Observable	Type	Description
`TextChanged`	`IObservable<string>`	Emits when text changes
`Submitted`	`IObservable<string>`	Emits when Enter is pressed
`Invalidated`	`IObservable<Unit>`	Emits when redraw is needed

API Reference

Properties

Property	Type	Default	Description
`Text`	`string`	`""`	Current text value
`Placeholder`	`string?`	`null`	Placeholder text
`MaxLength`	`int`	`0`	Max length (0 = unlimited)
`IsPassword`	`bool`	`false`	Password mode
`PasswordChar`	`char`	`'•'`	Mask character
`HasSelection`	`bool`	-	Has selected text
`SelectedText`	`string`	-	Currently selected text

Methods

Method	Description
`WithHistory(int maxEntries = 0)`	Enable built-in input history (0 = unlimited)
`AddHistory(string entry)`	Programmatically add a history entry (no-op when disabled)
`HandleInput(ConsoleKeyInfo)`	Process a key press
`HandlePaste(PasteEvent)`	Handle bracketed paste (implements `IPasteReceiver`)
`Clear()`	Clear text and reset cursor
`Start()`	Start cursor animation
`Stop()`	Stop cursor animation

Source Code

View TextInputNode implementation

csharp

// Copyright (c) Petabridge, LLC. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the Apache 2.0 license. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.

using R3;
using Termina.Diagnostics;
using Termina.Input;
using Termina.Rendering;
using Termina.Terminal;

namespace Termina.Layout;

/// <summary>
/// A stateful layout node that handles text input with cursor and selection.
/// Supports optional built-in input history via <see cref="WithHistory"/>.
/// </summary>
public sealed class TextInputNode : LayoutNode, IAnimatedNode, IInvalidatingNode, IFocusable, IPasteReceiver
{
    private readonly TimeProvider _timeProvider;
    private readonly int _cursorBlinkMs;
    private IDisposable? _cursorTimerSubscription;
    private readonly Subject<Unit> _invalidated = new();
    private readonly Subject<string> _textChanged = new();
    private readonly Subject<string> _submitted = new();
    private string _text = "";
    private string? _pasteContent;  // full paste content (with newlines preserved)
    private int _cursorPosition;
    private int _selectionStart = -1;
    private int _scrollOffset;
    private bool _cursorVisible = true;
    private bool _hasFocus;
    private bool _disposed;

    // Input history (null = disabled, opt-in via WithHistory)
    private List<string>? _history;
    private int _historyIndex = -1;
    private string? _savedInput;
    private int _maxHistoryEntries;

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public Observable<Unit> Invalidated => _invalidated;

    /// <summary>
    /// Observable that emits when the text value changes.
    /// </summary>
    public Observable<string> TextChanged => _textChanged;

    /// <summary>
    /// Observable that emits when Enter is pressed.
    /// </summary>
    public Observable<string> Submitted => _submitted;

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public bool IsAnimating { get; private set; }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public bool CanFocus => true;

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public bool HasFocus => _hasFocus;

    /// <summary>
    /// Text input has low-medium priority (lower than modal and selection list).
    /// </summary>
    public int FocusPriority => 5;

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public void OnFocused()
    {
        TerminaTrace.Focus.Debug(this, "OnFocused");
        _hasFocus = true;
        _cursorVisible = true;
        Start(); // Ensure cursor is blinking
        _invalidated.OnNext(Unit.Default);
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public void OnBlurred()
    {
        TerminaTrace.Focus.Debug(this, "OnBlurred");
        _hasFocus = false;
        Stop(); // Stop cursor blinking when not focused
        _invalidated.OnNext(Unit.Default);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets or sets the current text value.
    /// </summary>
    public string Text
    {
        get => _text;
        set
        {
            var newValue = value ?? "";
            if (_text != newValue || _pasteContent != null)
            {
                // Multi-line content should display condensed, same as HandlePaste
                if (newValue.Contains('\n'))
                {
                    _pasteContent = newValue;
                    var lineCount = 1;
                    foreach (var c in newValue)
                    {
                        if (c == '\n') lineCount++;
                    }

                    _text = lineCount > 1
                        ? $"[Pasted {lineCount} lines, {newValue.Length} chars]"
                        : $"[Pasted {newValue.Length} chars]";
                }
                else
                {
                    _pasteContent = null;
                    _text = newValue;
                }

                _cursorPosition = Math.Min(_cursorPosition, _text.Length);
                _selectionStart = -1;
                _textChanged.OnNext(_text);
                _invalidated.OnNext(Unit.Default);
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets or sets the placeholder text shown when empty.
    /// </summary>
    public string? Placeholder { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets or sets the foreground color.
    /// </summary>
    public Color? Foreground { get; private set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets or sets the background color.
    /// </summary>
    public Color? Background { get; private set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets or sets the placeholder color.
    /// </summary>
    public Color PlaceholderColor { get; set; } = Color.BrightBlack;

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets or sets the cursor color.
    /// </summary>
    public Color CursorColor { get; set; } = Color.White;

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets or sets the selection background color.
    /// </summary>
    public Color SelectionColor { get; set; } = Color.Blue;

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets or sets the maximum length (0 = unlimited).
    /// </summary>
    public int MaxLength { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets or sets whether to mask input (password mode).
    /// </summary>
    public bool IsPassword { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets or sets the mask character for password mode.
    /// </summary>
    public char PasswordChar { get; set; } = '•';

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets whether there is selected text.
    /// </summary>
    public bool HasSelection => _selectionStart >= 0 && _selectionStart != _cursorPosition;

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets the selected text.
    /// </summary>
    public string SelectedText
    {
        get
        {
            if (!HasSelection)
                return "";
            var start = Math.Min(_selectionStart, _cursorPosition);
            var end = Math.Max(_selectionStart, _cursorPosition);
            return _text[start..end];
        }
    }

    public TextInputNode(int cursorBlinkMs = 530, TimeProvider? timeProvider = null)
    {
        _cursorBlinkMs = cursorBlinkMs;
        _timeProvider = timeProvider ?? TimeProvider.System;

        HeightConstraint = new SizeConstraint.Fixed(1);
        WidthConstraint = new SizeConstraint.Fill();

        // Don't auto-start - animation should only start when focused
        // Start() will be called by OnFocused() when the node gains focus
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Set placeholder text.
    /// </summary>
    public TextInputNode WithPlaceholder(string placeholder)
    {
        Placeholder = placeholder;
        return this;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Set foreground color.
    /// </summary>
    public TextInputNode WithForeground(Color color)
    {
        Foreground = color;
        return this;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Set background color.
    /// </summary>
    public TextInputNode WithBackground(Color color)
    {
        Background = color;
        return this;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Set max length.
    /// </summary>
    public TextInputNode WithMaxLength(int length)
    {
        MaxLength = length;
        return this;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Enable password mode.
    /// </summary>
    public TextInputNode AsPassword(char maskChar = '•')
    {
        IsPassword = true;
        PasswordChar = maskChar;
        return this;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Enable built-in input history. When enabled, Up/Down arrow keys navigate
    /// through previous submissions, and Enter auto-records non-empty text.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="maxEntries">Maximum history entries to keep (0 = unlimited).</param>
    public TextInputNode WithHistory(int maxEntries = 0)
    {
        _history = new List<string>();
        _maxHistoryEntries = maxEntries;
        return this;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Programmatically add an entry to the input history.
    /// Use this for submissions that bypass <see cref="HandleInput"/> (e.g., custom prompts).
    /// No-op when history is not enabled.
    /// </summary>
    public void AddHistory(string entry)
    {
        if (_history is null || string.IsNullOrEmpty(entry))
            return;

        _history.Add(entry);

        if (_maxHistoryEntries > 0 && _history.Count > _maxHistoryEntries)
            _history.RemoveAt(0);
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public void Start()
    {
        if (!IsAnimating)
        {
            IsAnimating = true;
            _cursorVisible = true;
            _cursorTimerSubscription ??= Observable
                .Interval(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(_cursorBlinkMs), _timeProvider)
                .Subscribe(_ =>
                {
                    _cursorVisible = !_cursorVisible;
                    _invalidated.OnNext(Unit.Default);
                });
        }
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public void Stop()
    {
        if (IsAnimating)
        {
            _cursorTimerSubscription?.Dispose();
            _cursorTimerSubscription = null;
            IsAnimating = false;
            _cursorVisible = false;
            _invalidated.OnNext(Unit.Default);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Handle a key input event. Returns true if the event was handled.
    /// </summary>
    public bool HandleInput(ConsoleKeyInfo key)
    {
        // Don't process input if disposed
        if (_disposed)
        {
            TerminaTrace.Input.Debug(this, "HandleInput rejected: disposed");
            return false;
        }

        TerminaTrace.Input.Trace(this, "HandleInput: key={0}, char='{1}'", key.Key, key.KeyChar);

        // Reset cursor to visible on any input - restart the blink cycle
        _cursorVisible = true;
        _cursorTimerSubscription?.Dispose();
        _cursorTimerSubscription = null;
        IsAnimating = false;
        Start();

        var handled = key.Key switch
        {
            ConsoleKey.Backspace => HandleBackspace(key.Modifiers),
            ConsoleKey.Delete => HandleDelete(key.Modifiers),
            ConsoleKey.LeftArrow => HandleLeftArrow(key.Modifiers),
            ConsoleKey.RightArrow => HandleRightArrow(key.Modifiers),
            ConsoleKey.Home => HandleHome(key.Modifiers),
            ConsoleKey.End => HandleEnd(key.Modifiers),
            ConsoleKey.UpArrow => HandleUpArrow(),
            ConsoleKey.DownArrow => HandleDownArrow(),
            ConsoleKey.Enter => HandleEnter(),
            ConsoleKey.Escape => HandleEscape(),
            _ when key.KeyChar != '\0' && !char.IsControl(key.KeyChar) => HandleCharacter(key.KeyChar, key.Modifiers),
            _ => false
        };

        TerminaTrace.Input.Trace(this, "HandleInput result: handled={0}", handled);

        if (handled)
        {
            _invalidated.OnNext(Unit.Default);
        }

        return handled;
    }

    private bool HandleCharacter(char c, ConsoleModifiers modifiers)
    {
        // Handle Ctrl+A (select all)
        if (modifiers.HasFlag(ConsoleModifiers.Control) && (c == 'a' || c == 'A'))
        {
            SelectAll();
            return true;
        }

        // Handle Ctrl+C (copy - just clear selection for now)
        if (modifiers.HasFlag(ConsoleModifiers.Control) && (c == 'c' || c == 'C'))
        {
            // Would need clipboard integration
            return true;
        }

        // Handle Ctrl+V (paste - would need clipboard integration)
        if (modifiers.HasFlag(ConsoleModifiers.Control) && (c == 'v' || c == 'V'))
        {
            // Would need clipboard integration
            return true;
        }

        // Any character input clears paste mode — return to normal editing
        ClearPasteContent();

        // Check max length
        var addLength = HasSelection ? 1 - SelectedText.Length : 1;
        if (MaxLength > 0 && _text.Length + addLength > MaxLength)
            return false;

        // Delete selection if any
        if (HasSelection)
        {
            DeleteSelection();
        }

        // Insert character
        _text = _text.Insert(_cursorPosition, c.ToString());
        _cursorPosition++;
        _textChanged.OnNext(_text);
        return true;
    }

    private bool HandleBackspace(ConsoleModifiers modifiers)
    {
        // Backspace clears paste mode — return to normal editing with empty input
        if (_pasteContent != null)
        {
            ClearPasteContent();
            return true;
        }

        if (HasSelection)
        {
            DeleteSelection();
            _textChanged.OnNext(_text);
            return true;
        }

        if (_cursorPosition == 0)
            return false;

        if (modifiers.HasFlag(ConsoleModifiers.Control))
        {
            // Delete word
            var wordStart = FindWordBoundary(_cursorPosition, -1);
            _text = _text.Remove(wordStart, _cursorPosition - wordStart);
            _cursorPosition = wordStart;
        }
        else
        {
            // Delete single character
            _text = _text.Remove(_cursorPosition - 1, 1);
            _cursorPosition--;
        }

        _textChanged.OnNext(_text);
        return true;
    }

    private bool HandleDelete(ConsoleModifiers modifiers)
    {
        // Delete clears paste mode — return to normal editing with empty input
        if (_pasteContent != null)
        {
            ClearPasteContent();
            return true;
        }

        if (HasSelection)
        {
            DeleteSelection();
            _textChanged.OnNext(_text);
            return true;
        }

        if (_cursorPosition >= _text.Length)
            return false;

        if (modifiers.HasFlag(ConsoleModifiers.Control))
        {
            // Delete word
            var wordEnd = FindWordBoundary(_cursorPosition, 1);
            _text = _text.Remove(_cursorPosition, wordEnd - _cursorPosition);
        }
        else
        {
            // Delete single character
            _text = _text.Remove(_cursorPosition, 1);
        }

        _textChanged.OnNext(_text);
        return true;
    }

    private bool HandleLeftArrow(ConsoleModifiers modifiers)
    {
        var newPos = modifiers.HasFlag(ConsoleModifiers.Control)
            ? FindWordBoundary(_cursorPosition, -1)
            : Math.Max(0, _cursorPosition - 1);

        if (modifiers.HasFlag(ConsoleModifiers.Shift))
        {
            if (_selectionStart < 0)
                _selectionStart = _cursorPosition;
        }
        else
        {
            _selectionStart = -1;
        }

        _cursorPosition = newPos;
        return true;
    }

    private bool HandleRightArrow(ConsoleModifiers modifiers)
    {
        var newPos = modifiers.HasFlag(ConsoleModifiers.Control)
            ? FindWordBoundary(_cursorPosition, 1)
            : Math.Min(_text.Length, _cursorPosition + 1);

        if (modifiers.HasFlag(ConsoleModifiers.Shift))
        {
            if (_selectionStart < 0)
                _selectionStart = _cursorPosition;
        }
        else
        {
            _selectionStart = -1;
        }

        _cursorPosition = newPos;
        return true;
    }

    private bool HandleHome(ConsoleModifiers modifiers)
    {
        if (modifiers.HasFlag(ConsoleModifiers.Shift))
        {
            if (_selectionStart < 0)
                _selectionStart = _cursorPosition;
        }
        else
        {
            _selectionStart = -1;
        }

        _cursorPosition = 0;
        return true;
    }

    private bool HandleEnd(ConsoleModifiers modifiers)
    {
        if (modifiers.HasFlag(ConsoleModifiers.Shift))
        {
            if (_selectionStart < 0)
                _selectionStart = _cursorPosition;
        }
        else
        {
            _selectionStart = -1;
        }

        _cursorPosition = _text.Length;
        return true;
    }

    private bool HandleUpArrow()
    {
        if (_history is null)
            return false; // History disabled — let caller handle

        if (_history.Count == 0)
            return true; // History enabled but empty — consume the key

        if (_historyIndex < 0)
        {
            // First press: save current input and jump to most recent
            _savedInput = _pasteContent ?? _text;
            _historyIndex = _history.Count - 1;
        }
        else if (_historyIndex > 0)
        {
            _historyIndex--;
        }

        ApplyHistoryEntry(_history[_historyIndex]);
        return true;
    }

    private bool HandleDownArrow()
    {
        if (_history is null)
            return false; // History disabled — let caller handle

        if (_historyIndex < 0)
            return true; // Not browsing history — consume the key

        if (_historyIndex < _history.Count - 1)
        {
            _historyIndex++;
            ApplyHistoryEntry(_history[_historyIndex]);
        }
        else
        {
            // Past the end — restore saved input
            _historyIndex = -1;
            var saved = _savedInput ?? "";
            _savedInput = null;
            ApplyHistoryEntry(saved);
        }

        return true;
    }

    private void ApplyHistoryEntry(string entry)
    {
        // Use Text setter which handles multi-line condensing
        Text = entry;
        _cursorPosition = _text.Length;
    }

    private bool HandleEnter()
    {
        // When paste content is stored, submit the full paste (with newlines) instead of the summary
        var content = _pasteContent ?? _text;
        TerminaTrace.Input.Debug(this, "HandleEnter: submitting text length={0} (paste={1})",
            content.Length, _pasteContent != null);
        _pasteContent = null;

        // Auto-record to history when enabled
        if (_history is not null && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(content))
        {
            _history.Add(content);
            if (_maxHistoryEntries > 0 && _history.Count > _maxHistoryEntries)
                _history.RemoveAt(0);
        }

        _historyIndex = -1;
        _savedInput = null;

        _submitted.OnNext(content);
        return true;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Clears the text and resets cursor position.
    /// Call this from ViewModel after handling submission.
    /// </summary>
    public void Clear()
    {
        _pasteContent = null;
        _text = "";
        _cursorPosition = 0;
        _selectionStart = -1;
        _scrollOffset = 0;
        _textChanged.OnNext(_text);
        _invalidated.OnNext(Unit.Default);
    }

    private bool HandleEscape()
    {
        // Escape clears paste mode
        if (_pasteContent != null)
        {
            ClearPasteContent();
            return true;
        }

        if (HasSelection)
        {
            _selectionStart = -1;
            return true;
        }

        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(_text))
        {
            _text = "";
            _cursorPosition = 0;
            _textChanged.OnNext(_text);
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Handles pasted text from the terminal's bracketed paste mode.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// <para>
    /// The full paste content (including newlines) is preserved and will be submitted
    /// verbatim when the user presses Enter. The input displays a summary placeholder
    /// (e.g., <c>[Pasted 500 lines, 12345 chars]</c>) instead of the raw content.
    /// </para>
    /// <para>
    /// Any subsequent character input, backspace, or delete clears the paste and returns
    /// the input to normal editing mode. This matches the behavior of CLI tools like
    /// Claude Code and OpenCode.
    /// </para>
    /// </remarks>
    /// <param name="paste">The paste event containing the text to insert.</param>
    /// <returns><see langword="true"/> if the paste was handled; <see langword="false"/> if empty.</returns>
    public bool HandlePaste(PasteEvent paste)
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(paste.Content))
            return false;

        // Store the full paste content (newlines preserved) for submission
        _pasteContent = paste.Content;

        // Count lines for the summary display
        var lineCount = 1;
        foreach (var c in paste.Content)
        {
            if (c == '\n') lineCount++;
        }

        // Show a summary in the input instead of the raw content
        var summary = lineCount > 1
            ? $"[Pasted {lineCount} lines, {paste.Content.Length} chars]"
            : $"[Pasted {paste.Content.Length} chars]";

        _text = summary;
        _cursorPosition = _text.Length;
        _selectionStart = -1;
        _scrollOffset = 0;

        _textChanged.OnNext(_text);
        _invalidated.OnNext(Unit.Default);
        return true;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Clears paste content and resets the input to an empty state.
    /// Called when the user starts editing (typing, backspace, delete, escape) after a paste.
    /// </summary>
    private void ClearPasteContent()
    {
        if (_pasteContent == null) return;
        _pasteContent = null;
        _text = "";
        _cursorPosition = 0;
        _selectionStart = -1;
        _scrollOffset = 0;
        _textChanged.OnNext(_text);
    }

    private void SelectAll()
    {
        _selectionStart = 0;
        _cursorPosition = _text.Length;
    }

    private void DeleteSelection()
    {
        if (!HasSelection)
            return;

        var start = Math.Min(_selectionStart, _cursorPosition);
        var end = Math.Max(_selectionStart, _cursorPosition);
        _text = _text.Remove(start, end - start);
        _cursorPosition = start;
        _selectionStart = -1;
    }

    private int FindWordBoundary(int from, int direction)
    {
        if (direction < 0)
        {
            if (from <= 0)
                return 0;

            var pos = from - 1;
            // Skip whitespace
            while (pos > 0 && char.IsWhiteSpace(_text[pos]))
                pos--;
            // Skip word characters
            while (pos > 0 && !char.IsWhiteSpace(_text[pos - 1]))
                pos--;
            return pos;
        }
        else
        {
            if (from >= _text.Length)
                return _text.Length;

            var pos = from;
            // Skip word characters
            while (pos < _text.Length && !char.IsWhiteSpace(_text[pos]))
                pos++;
            // Skip whitespace
            while (pos < _text.Length && char.IsWhiteSpace(_text[pos]))
                pos++;
            return pos;
        }
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public override Size Measure(Size available)
    {
        var width = WidthConstraint.Compute(available.Width, _text.Length + 1, available.Width);
        return new Size(width, 1);
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public override void Render(IRenderContext context, Rect bounds)
    {
        if (!bounds.HasArea)
            return;

        // Create a sub-context so coordinates are relative to this node's bounds
        var inputContext = context.CreateSubContext(bounds);

        var displayText = _text;
        var displayCursor = _cursorPosition;

        // Apply password masking
        if (IsPassword && displayText.Length > 0)
        {
            displayText = new string(PasswordChar, displayText.Length);
        }

        // Show placeholder if empty
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(displayText) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(Placeholder))
        {
            inputContext.SetForeground(PlaceholderColor);
            var placeholder = Placeholder.Length > bounds.Width
                ? Placeholder[..bounds.Width]
                : Placeholder;
            inputContext.WriteAt(0, 0, placeholder);
            inputContext.ResetColors();

            // Still show cursor at position 0
            if (_cursorVisible)
            {
                inputContext.SetBackground(CursorColor);
                inputContext.WriteAt(0, 0, ' ');
                inputContext.ResetColors();
            }
            return;
        }

        // Calculate scroll offset to keep cursor visible
        if (displayCursor < _scrollOffset)
        {
            _scrollOffset = displayCursor;
        }
        else if (displayCursor >= _scrollOffset + bounds.Width)
        {
            _scrollOffset = displayCursor - bounds.Width + 1;
        }

        // Set colors
        if (Foreground.HasValue)
            inputContext.SetForeground(Foreground.Value);
        if (Background.HasValue)
            inputContext.SetBackground(Background.Value);

        // Get visible portion
        var visibleText = displayText.Length > _scrollOffset
            ? displayText[_scrollOffset..]
            : "";
        if (visibleText.Length > bounds.Width)
            visibleText = visibleText[..bounds.Width];

        // Draw selection background
        if (HasSelection)
        {
            var selStart = Math.Min(_selectionStart, _cursorPosition);
            var selEnd = Math.Max(_selectionStart, _cursorPosition);
            var visSelStart = Math.Max(0, selStart - _scrollOffset);
            var visSelEnd = Math.Min(bounds.Width, selEnd - _scrollOffset);

            if (visSelEnd > visSelStart)
            {
                inputContext.SetBackground(SelectionColor);
                for (var x = visSelStart; x < visSelEnd && x < visibleText.Length; x++)
                {
                    inputContext.WriteAt(x, 0, visibleText[x]);
                }

                // Draw non-selected portions
                inputContext.ResetColors();
                if (Foreground.HasValue)
                    inputContext.SetForeground(Foreground.Value);
                if (Background.HasValue)
                    inputContext.SetBackground(Background.Value);

                if (visSelStart > 0)
                {
                    inputContext.WriteAt(0, 0, visibleText[..visSelStart]);
                }
                if (visSelEnd < visibleText.Length)
                {
                    inputContext.WriteAt(visSelEnd, 0, visibleText[visSelEnd..]);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                inputContext.WriteAt(0, 0, visibleText);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            inputContext.WriteAt(0, 0, visibleText);
        }

        inputContext.ResetColors();

        // Draw cursor
        if (_cursorVisible)
        {
            var cursorX = displayCursor - _scrollOffset;
            if (cursorX >= 0 && cursorX < bounds.Width)
            {
                inputContext.SetBackground(CursorColor);
                inputContext.SetForeground(Background ?? Color.Black);
                var cursorChar = cursorX < visibleText.Length ? visibleText[cursorX] : ' ';
                inputContext.WriteAt(cursorX, 0, cursorChar);
                inputContext.ResetColors();
            }
        }
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public override void OnActivate()
    {
        // Resume cursor blinking if this node has focus
        if (_hasFocus)
        {
            Start();
        }
        base.OnActivate();
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public override void OnDeactivate()
    {
        // Stop cursor blinking to conserve resources
        Stop();
        base.OnDeactivate();
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public override void Dispose()
    {
        if (_disposed)
            return;

        _disposed = true;
        Stop();

        _invalidated.OnCompleted();
        _invalidated.Dispose();
        _textChanged.OnCompleted();
        _textChanged.Dispose();
        _submitted.OnCompleted();
        _submitted.Dispose();

        base.Dispose();
    }
}

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TextInputNode ​

Basic Usage ​

Features ​

Keyboard Shortcuts ​

Input History ​

Programmatic History ​

History Keyboard Shortcuts ​

Password Mode ​

Styling ​

Colors ​

Handling Input ​

Pattern 1: Inside a Modal (Recommended) ​

Pattern 2: Always-Visible Input ​

Paste Handling ​

How It Works ​

Paste in ViewModels ​

Observables ​

API Reference ​

Properties ​

Methods ​

Source Code ​

TextInputNode

Basic Usage

Features

Keyboard Shortcuts

Input History

Programmatic History

History Keyboard Shortcuts

Password Mode

Styling

Colors

Handling Input

Pattern 1: Inside a Modal (Recommended)

Pattern 2: Always-Visible Input

Paste Handling

How It Works

Paste in ViewModels

Observables

API Reference

Properties

Methods

Source Code